Saturday, December 28, 2019

All About Common Chinese Punctuation Marks

Chinese punctuation marks are used to organize and clarify written Chinese. Chinese punctuation marks are similar in function to English punctuation marks but sometimes differ in the form or look. All Chinese characters are written to a uniform size, and this size also extends to punctuation marks, so Chinese punctuation marks usually take up more space than their English counterparts. Chinese characters can be written either vertically or horizontally, so the Chinese punctuation marks change position depending on the direction of the text. For example, parentheses and quotation marks are rotated 90 degrees when written vertically, and the full stop mark is placed below and to the right of the last character when written vertically. Common Chinese Punctuation Marks Here are the most commonly used Chinese punctuation marks: Full Stop The Chinese full stop is a small circle that takes the space of one Chinese character. The Mandarin name of the full stop is Ã¥  ¥Ã¨â„¢Å¸/Ã¥  ¥Ã¥  · (jà ¹ hà  o). It is used at the end of a simple or complex sentence, as in these examples: è «â€¹Ã¤ ½  Ã¥ ¹ «Ã¦Ë†â€˜Ã¨ ² ·Ã¤ ¸â‚¬Ã¤ » ½Ã¥   ±Ã§ ´â„¢Ã£â‚¬â€šÃ¨ ¯ ·Ã¤ ½  Ã¥ ¸ ®Ã¦Ë†â€˜Ã¤ ¹ °Ã¤ ¸â‚¬Ã¤ » ½Ã¦Å  ¥Ã§ º ¸Ã£â‚¬â€šQÇ ng nÇ  bÄ ng wÇ’ mÇŽi yÄ « fà ¨n bà  ozhÇ .Please help me buy a newspaper.é ¯ ¨Ã© ­Å¡Ã¦Ëœ ¯Ã§  ¸Ã© ¡Å¾Ã¤ ¸ Ã¦Ëœ ¯Ã© ­Å¡Ã© ¡Å¾Ã¨ â„¢Ã¨   Ã¦Ëœ ¯Ã§  ¸Ã© ¡Å¾Ã¤ ¸ Ã¦Ëœ ¯Ã© ³ ¥Ã© ¡Å¾Ã£â‚¬â€šÃ© ² ¸Ã© ± ¼Ã¦Ëœ ¯Ã¥â€¦ ½Ã§ ± »Ã¤ ¸ Ã¦Ëœ ¯Ã© ± ¼Ã§ ± »Ã¨ â„¢Ã¨   Ã¦Ëœ ¯Ã¥â€¦ ½Ã§ ± »Ã¤ ¸ Ã¦Ëœ ¯Ã© ¸Å¸Ã§ ± »Ã£â‚¬â€šJÄ «ngyà º shà ¬ shà ²u là ¨i, bà ºshà ¬ yà º là ¨i; biÄ nfà º shà ¬ shà ²u là ¨i, bà ºshà ¬ niÇŽo là ¨i.Whales are mammals, not fish; bats are mammals, not birds. Comma The Mandarin name of the Chinese comma is é€â€"號/é€â€"Ã¥  · (dà ²u hà  o). It is the same as the English comma, except it takes the space of one full character and is positioned in the middle of the line. It is used to separate clauses within a sentence, and to indicate pauses. Here are some examples: Ã¥ ¦â€šÃ¦Å¾Å"é ¢ ±Ã© ¢ ¨Ã¤ ¸ Ã¤ ¾â€ Ã¦Ë†â€˜Ã¥â‚¬â€˜Ã¥ ° ±Ã¥â€¡ ºÃ¥Å"‹æâ€"…è ¡Å'。å ¦â€šÃ¦Å¾Å"Ã¥  °Ã© £Å½Ã¤ ¸ Ã¦  ¥Ã¦Ë†â€˜Ã¤ » ¬Ã¥ ° ±Ã¥â€¡ ºÃ¥â€º ½Ã¦â€"…è ¡Å'。Rà ºguÇ’ tà ¡ifÄ“ng bà ¹ là ¡i, wÇ’men jià ¹ chÃ… « guà ³ lÇšxà ­ng.If the typhoon does not come, we will take a trip abroad.ç  ¾Ã¥Å" ¨Ã§Å¡â€žÃ©â€º »Ã¨â€¦ ¦Ã§Å"Ÿæ˜ ¯Ã§â€ž ¡Ã¦â€°â‚¬Ã¤ ¸ Ã¨Æ' ½Ã£â‚¬â€šÃ§Å½ °Ã¥Å" ¨Ã§Å¡â€žÃ§â€ µÃ¨â€žâ€˜Ã§Å"Ÿæ˜ ¯Ã¦â€"  Ã¦â€°â‚¬Ã¤ ¸ Ã¨Æ' ½Ã£â‚¬â€šXià  nzà  i de dià  nnÇŽo, zhÄ“nshà ¬ wà º suÇ’ bà ¹ nà ©ng.Modern computers, they are truly essential. Enumeration Comma The enumeration comma is used to separate list items. It is a short dash going from top left to bottom right. The Mandarin name of the enumeration comma is é  â€œÃ¨â„¢Å¸/é ¡ ¿Ã¥  · (dà ¹n hà  o). The difference between the enumeration comma and the regular comma can be seen in the following example: Ã¥â€"Å"〠Ã¦â‚¬â€™Ã£â‚¬ Ã¥â€œâ‚¬Ã£â‚¬ Ã¦ ¨â€šÃ£â‚¬ Ã¦â€žâ€ºÃ£â‚¬ Ã¦Æ' ¡Ã£â‚¬ Ã¦ ¬ ²Ã¥  «Ã¥ Å¡Ã¤ ¸Æ'æÆ'…。åâ€"Å"〠Ã¦â‚¬â€™Ã£â‚¬ Ã¥â€œâ‚¬Ã£â‚¬ Ã¤ ¹ Ã£â‚¬ Ã§Ë† ±Ã£â‚¬ Ã¦  ¶Ã£â‚¬ Ã¦ ¬ ²Ã¥  «Ã¥ Å¡Ã¤ ¸Æ'æÆ'…。XÇ , nà ¹, Ä i, là ¨, à  i, à ¨, yà ¹, jià  ozuà ² qÄ « qà ­ng.Happiness, anger, sadness, joy, love, hate, and desire are known as the seven passions. Colon, Semicolon, Question Mark, and the Exclamation Mark These four Chinese punctuation marks are the same as their English counterparts and have the same usage as in English. Their names are as follows: Colon冒號/冒å  · (mà  o hà  o) - Semicolon - 分號/分å  · (fÄ“nhà  o) - Question Mark - å• Ã¨â„¢Å¸/éâ€" ®Ã¥  · (wà ¨nhà  o) - Exclamation Mark - é ©Å¡Ã¥Ëœâ€ Ã¨â„¢Å¸/æÆ'Šå  ¹Ã¥  · (jÄ «ng tà  n hà  o) - Quotation Marks Quotation marks are called Ã¥ ¼â€¢Ã¨â„¢Å¸/Ã¥ ¼â€¢Ã¥  · (yÇ n hà  o) in Mandarin Chinese. There are both single and double quote marks, with the double quotes used within the single quotes: ã€Å'...『...〠...〠 Western-style quotation marks are used in simplified Chinese, but traditional Chinese uses the symbols as shown above. They are used for quoted speech, emphasis and sometimes for proper nouns and titles. è€ Ã¥ ¸ «Ã¨ ª ªÃ£â‚¬Å'ä ½  Ã¥â‚¬â€˜Ã¨ ¦ Ã¨ ¨ËœÃ¤ ½  Ã¥Å"‹çˆ ¶Ã¨ ª ªÃ§Å¡â€žÃ£â‚¬Å½Ã© â€™Ã¥ ¹ ´Ã¨ ¦ Ã§ «â€¹Ã¥ ¿â€"Ã¥ Å¡Ã¥ ¤ §Ã¤ ºâ€¹Ã¤ ¸ Ã¨ ¦ Ã¥ Å¡Ã¥ ¤ §Ã¥ ®ËœÃ£â‚¬ Ã©â‚¬â„¢Ã¥  ¥Ã¨ © ±Ã£â‚¬â€šÃ£â‚¬ Ã¨â‚¬ Ã¥ ¸Ë†Ã¨ ¯ ´Ã¢â‚¬Å"ä ½  Ã¤ » ¬Ã¨ ¦ Ã¨ ® °Ã¤ ½  å› ½Ã§Ë† ¶Ã¨ ¯ ´Ã§Å¡â€žÃ¢â‚¬ËœÃ© â€™Ã¥ ¹ ´Ã¨ ¦ Ã§ «â€¹Ã¥ ¿â€"Ã¥ Å¡Ã¥ ¤ §Ã¤ ºâ€¹Ã¤ ¸ Ã¨ ¦ Ã¥ Å¡Ã¥ ¤ §Ã¥ ®ËœÃ¢â‚¬â„¢Ã¨ ¿â„¢Ã¥  ¥Ã¨ ¯ Ã£â‚¬â€šÃ¢â‚¬ LÇŽoshÄ « shuÃ… : â€Å"NÇ men yà  o jà ¬zhu Guà ³fà ¹ shuÃ…  de ‘qÄ «ngnià ¡n yà  o là ¬ zhà ¬ zuà ² dà  shà ¬, bà ¹yà  o zuà ² dà   guÄ n’ zhà ¨ jà ¹ huà  .†The teacher said: â€Å"You must remember the words of Sun Yat-sen - ‘Youth should be committed to do big things, not to make big government.’

Thursday, December 19, 2019

Karl Marx s Theory Of Value Essay - 1763 Words

Karl Marx was born in Germany on May 5 in the year 1818. He was a philosopher and economist who helped the modern movements of socialism and communism through his basic idea of Marxism. His writings helped the formation of the modern communism theories internationally. He helped further develop the labor theory of value, which eventually led to the subjectivist theory. Karl Marx’s analysis in his writings also are the basis of social scientists. Karl Marx was born in Trier, Rhenish Prussia which is present-day Germany. His father was Heinrich Marx, a lawyer, and his mother Henriette Presburg Marx was a Dutchwoman. Both of his mother and father were descended from rabbis, but since the Jewish were not allowed to practice law, his father decided to be baptized as a Protestant. Karl Marx was born in a middle class home. Karl Marx later became an atheist and believed that only physical matter is real. Karl Marx attended a school in Trier from 1830 to 1835. Karl Marx attended University of Bonn for a year to study law before he went to the University of Berlin for four years. In the University of Berlin, Karl Marx was influenced by one of his teachers, Bruno Bauer, who was an atheist and had radical political views. He was introduced to the works of G.W.F. Hegel, who used to be previous professor of philosophy. In Berlin, Karl Marx joined a young Hegelian movement in 1836 with Bruno Bauer and David Friedrich Strauss. In the young Hegelian movement, the members would discussShow MoreRelatedKarl Marx s View On The Labor Value Of Theory883 Words   |  4 PagesKarl Marx was a German â€Å"economist and political scientist† who viewed capitalism â€Å"from a more pessimistic and revolutionary viewpoint† (Gorman, 2003). Karl Marx believed â€Å"that the basic determining factor of human history [was] Economics† (Famous101.com, 2011). Marx argued that the people within the classes were bound to remain â€Å"because of the very nature of capitalism† (Prabhat, 2012). Instead, Marx believed â€Å"†¦that the value of a good or s ervice is dependent upon the labor used†¦Ã¢â‚¬  to produce itRead MoreKarl Marx And The Great Philosopher Essay988 Words   |  4 PagesKarl Marx was born in Trier, Prussia in 1818 to a Jewish family, but despite his baptism at age 6, he later became an atheist. Marx attended University of Bonn, but due to his imprisonment for drunkenness and variances with another student, he was enrolled in the University of Berlin by his parents. Marx earned his degree in philosophy and began writing for Rheinische Zeitung, a liberal democratic newspaper. He later became their editor. Marx was a member of Young Hegelian movement which was groupRead MoreWhy Marx s Social Theory Place So Much Emphasis On Class Conflict And The Economic Aspects Of Society? Essay1524 Words   |  7 Pagesdoes Marx s social theory place so much emphasis on class conflict and the economic aspects of society? Karl Marx is one of the most influential and revolutionary philosopher, economist and sociologist of the 19th century. His thoughts not only shaped our understandings of the capitalistic world but also created a new system of social organization, communism. His ideology also defined the key political figures of the cold war period such as Stalin, Mao and Castro. Without Marx, theRead MoreMarx, Weber And Durkheim s Views On The Social1385 Words   |  6 Pagesgoing to address three core sociology theorists; Marx, Weber and Durkheim, they all had different opinions about how society functioned through the different types of relationships. Each theorists had a different perspective about â€Å"the social† and how that perspective presented it through society. Marx’s view on â€Å"the social† was focused on production relations and how the classes interacted with one another through that type of relationship (Marx 1844). Weber’s view on â₠¬Å"the social† was focusedRead MoreSmith vs. Marx - a Comparison Essay1247 Words   |  5 PagesSmith versus Marx Ââ€" A Comparison S. Glen Balanoff July 04, 2004 Smith versus Marx Ââ€" A Comparison Modern economic society can be described as a combination of certain points from several theories combined into one. Changing dynamics and economic needs of nations has spawned a development of various, and contrasting, economic systems throughout the world. Perhaps the two most contrasting philosophies seen in existence today are that of capitalism and communism. The two philosophers most notablyRead MoreDivision of Labor1397 Words   |  6 PagesMontgomery and Rhonda 2000). Some of these classical sociological thinkers expressed their own ideas of division of labor, such as Adam Smith, Karl Marx, and Emile Durkheim. The ideas of these three great thinkers had some similarities, but also differed in many ways. Adam Smith felt division of labor was necessary and vital for economic prosperity, while Karl Marx felt it was the worst thing that had occurred in the world. Both of these thinkers made strong arguments for their ideas, and express greatRead MoreKarl Marx, Emile Durkheim And Max Webers Influence On Religion1727 Words   |  7 PagesThree theorists, Karl Marx, Emile Durkheim and Max Weber, are undoubtedly the fathers of modern sociology. â€Å"Nineteenth century Western Europe was pounded by pivotal forces of transformation. Politics, education, religion, communication science, art, and social life were being revolutionized.† (Mohseni 1994;85) Each with distinct views on society and religion, these sociologists are and their theories are significant especially in the field of society. Just as much as they play a major role in theRead MoreMarx, Max Weber And Emile Durkheim948 Words   |  4 PagesIn assessment of sociological theory it is imperative to our understanding of social theory that we analyze the ideologies of some prominent theorists such as Karl Marx, Max Weber and Émile Durkheim. Karl Marx’s philosophical ideals on society and class division are impactful in shaping our understanding of society. Inequality and social division is at the heart of Marx’s theory of society. Marx’s theorized that society is the history of class struggles. To him the fundamentally factor determiningRead MoreKarl Marx And Adam Smith Essay1639 Words   |  7 PagesPresence of the Theories of Karl Marx Adam Smith Within the Canadian Economy Written by: Jason Kothary, Zach Shafi, Sam Girma Kevin Sallaku Research: Ryan Salehi, Zack Izzeddin, David Moffett, Cameron Bernardo, Harrison Toms, Taha Mahmood, Anthony Alexiou, Jason Kothary, Zach Shafi, Sam Girma Kevin Sallaku Canada’s economy is one that exhibits a multitude of characteristics that adhere to the capitalist and socialist constructs of a mixed system. In order to clearly define and analyze theRead MoreToday My Topic Of Discussion Is Regarding â€Å"Social Class†1266 Words   |  6 PagesOffshoot of bourgeois (having qualities or values associated with the middle class, typically with reference to its perceived materialistic values or conventional attitudes), and generally used as an insult, thrown out by jealous haters.† The (Urban Dictionary 2007) also breaks it â€Å"all the way down† by giving us a few interesting examples of bougee, that I believe might bring more clarity to the word for some as opposed to others, as follows; â€Å"Eww, why s that hood rat actin like she likes caviar

Wednesday, December 11, 2019

The Tide Rises and the Tide Falls free essay sample

The Tide Rises and The Tide Falls is a poem that is filled with symbolism. I think the tide represents the everyday life of people, which is continuously being repeated over and over. Also, the calling of sea in the darkness symbolizes the upcoming death. The authors tone in this poem is very clear and not emotional, although the overall atmosphere is very sad and lonely. This poem uses mood to show that death in inevitable and it comes to everyone. The author also wishes to show that death is just another part of life and nature. The poem talks about a traveler who walks down the beach towards town but he will never walk on the shore again and the tide washes away his footprints. When the author writes The day returns, but nevermore returns the traveler to the shore, and the tide rises and the tide falls he conveys that the traveler has died but the sun still rises and the tide still goes in and out. We will write a custom essay sample on The Tide Rises and the Tide Falls or any similar topic specifically for you Do Not WasteYour Time HIRE WRITER Only 13.90 / page The mood of the poem is accepting and calm. Longfellow is accepting that he, along with everyone else, will die and that its just a part of nature. The theme of The Tide Rises and The Tide Falls is that life continues even though we go through many traumatic events. In the last stanza, the traveler does not come back like before, the tide is still rising and falling just like before. It is continuing the action just like yesterday, the day before yesterday, and it will repeat in the future. Although people feel like they are going to die or not able to live like before, but when time passes, they live like they never experienced those painful emotions. I think this poem and this theme is sad because erasing from the memory is sad, even if the erased memory is about a painful thing. In the poem, time passes by as the tide rises and falls. Eventually, the sky gets dark and a traveler goes to town. Darkness comes, the sea washes away the travelers footprints in the sand. The morning comes, and the traveler does not go back to the shore. The daily life of the sea continues even though the traveler will not be returning. The tide is probably showing that life continues as normal even though the traveler is not there; the tide is not going to stop just because someone isnt there. The traveler could possibly represent the life of a person. Although we may leave footprints, over time they are washed

Wednesday, December 4, 2019

Is Jesus Christ God

Introduction Jesus Christ came into the world 2000 years ago as predicted by the prophets thus fulfilling biblical prophecy and He changed the course of human history in terms of worship. Earlier before Jesus Christ came into the world, religious beliefs had their basis on Mosaic laws and ordinances that required rigorously adherence, but when Jesus Christ came, He set aside burdensome Mosaic laws and ordinances, and upheld the commandments of God together with the teachings of the prophets.Advertising We will write a custom term paper sample on Is Jesus Christ God? specifically for you for only $16.05 $11/page Learn More When Jesus Christ was born, people thought He was an earthly king of Jews, but he subsequently astonished many for he claimed that his kingdom, which is to come, is a heavenly one. The teachings of Jesus Christ revolutionized the biblical beliefs and mode of worship, hence the origin of Christianity. Therefore, Jesus Christ’s cla ims that he is God became the basis of Christian life and He has left the church with the divine responsibility of preaching, and winning more converts into His heavenly kingdom. Jesus is God Jesus Christ at many instances claimed to be God. During His ministry on earth, Christ said and did many miracles that earned him many enemies who accused him of blasphemy. Though Jews acknowledged that Jesus came from above, they denied the fact He was the Son of God and had the ability to usurp His powers on earth. Priest and scribes accused Jesus Christ on the account that he blasphemed the name of God for He called Himself the Son of the living God and claimed to have the ability to forgive sins. While Jesus Christ was preaching to the Jews, He claimed to have the ability to give them eternal life because He is one with God who is the Father but Jews accused and wanted to stone Him to death. When Jesus inquired about His guiltiness, Jews answered him that, â€Å"†¦for a good work we s tone thee not; but for blasphemy; and because that thou, being a man, makest thyself God† (John 10: 33, King James Version). The claims that He was the Son of God thus equal to God led to His crucifixion by the high priests and Jews. During His mission of preaching the gospel, Jesus Christ continued to expound His role and position as part of the trinity. His miracles and teachings attested that He had supernatural powers unlike other prophets who came before Him. Jesus Christ wanted people to understand his great role as God who came to the world down from heaven in form of human flesh in order to redeem humanity. Jesus Christ claimed that God loved the world so much to the extent of sacrificing His only Son to redeem humankind. After His mission on earth, Jesus Christ told His disciples that he was going to the Father to prepare a place for them since they had known the way and claimed that, â€Å"†¦I am the way, the truth, and the life: no man cometh unto the Father, but by me† (John 14:6, King James Version). Therefore, if Jesus Christ is the way to the Father, then He is God. Christian Life If a person chooses to become a Christian, there is an obligation to follow the footsteps of Jesus Christ for He said that anyone who claims to love Him must carry his own cross and follow Him by obeying His commandments and teachings. â€Å"Therefore, if any man be in Christ, he is a new creature: old things are passed away; behold all things are become new† (II Corinthians 5:17, King James Version).Advertising Looking for term paper on religion theology? Let's see if we can help you! Get your first paper with 15% OFF Learn More Being a Christian matters a lot on the kind of life an individual should live. Since one has become a new creature in Christian, transformation of character should be physically evident. The obedience to God’s commandments and teachings means change in lifestyles. Since sin is transgression of com mandments, and being a Christian requires one to turn away from sin, then obedience is the key that defines Christianity. The worldly pleasures are pleasing to the eyes, appealing to the body and rational to the mind, but they are all fighting against Christian values and beliefs. One cannot become a Christian and at same time hold to the worldly pleasures that are unspiritual. According to Towns, â€Å"Every time you make a choice, you are turning the control part of you into something a little different from what you were before †¦ turning your life as a whole, either into a heavenly creature or into a hellish one† (1994, p. 168). In this case, Christianity is about making radical changes in life for there are only two destinies of humanity: heaven and hell. The two destinies have nothing spiritual in common except human beings who land there by their own merit. In the bible, Paul beseeches Christians not to conform to the worldly standards but transform their minds so that they can do the will of God. Church’s Responsibility The church has great commission given by Jesus Christ of going around the world preaching the everlasting gospel to the people, baptizing them in the name of the Father, the Son, and Holy Spirit, and nurturing them as they grow spiritually. For the church to communicate the love of God better and touch the lives of the community, they must begin from their character change. Christians should be the salt of the world for the people to taste and light of the world for the people to see. Jesus Christ advised His disciples that â€Å"let your light so shine before men, that they may see your good works, and glorify your Father which is in heaven† (Matthew 5:16, King James Version). The church can express the love of God in their good works that they do or portray to the community. The church can also communicate the love of God by doing charity work in order to help the needy in the society. The church can feed the hungry, clothe the naked, visit the sick and do communal work such as planting trees or cleaning the environment. All these actions reflect spiritual character of Christians. Christianity involves spiritual values that can only manifest in actions. â€Å"Where a spirituality results in inner power to do good, character results in your habits that make you do good† (Towns, 1994, p. 163). Hence, members of the church should always show spirituality and character in all their endeavors in order to communicate the love of God and touch lives of all in the community.Advertising We will write a custom term paper sample on Is Jesus Christ God? specifically for you for only $16.05 $11/page Learn More Conclusion Jesus Christ claimed to be the Son of God who sent Him into the world to redeem humanity. His claim of being the Son of God and having the ability to perform many miracles including the forgiveness of sin led the Pharisees and the scribes to bran d his teaching blasphemous and as a result, they crucified Him. Although Jews crucified Him, Jesus Christ left a great legacy to Christians because He set the precedent of true Christianity in which all Christians should transform and follow. He left the church with the divine responsibility of preaching the everlasting gospel, baptizing, and nurturing communities in preparation of His new kingdom which shall be unveiled upon his second coming. References King James Version. The Bible Towns, E. (1994). Habits of the Heart. Lynchburg, VA: Church Growth Institute. This term paper on Is Jesus Christ God? was written and submitted by user Mar1a to help you with your own studies. You are free to use it for research and reference purposes in order to write your own paper; however, you must cite it accordingly. You can donate your paper here.

Wednesday, November 27, 2019

Detection of Parkinson Decease Using Computational Intelligence Method

Detection of Parkinson D is ease Using Computational Intelligence Methods Elcin Huseyn 1 , Babek Guirimov 2 1 Research Laboratory of Intelligent Control and Decision Making Systems in Industry and Economics, Azerbaijan State Oil and Industry University, 20 Azadlig Ave., Baku, AZ1010, Azerbaijan, [emailprotected] asoiu.edu.az 2 Research Laboratory of Intelligent Control and Decision Making Systems in Industry and Economics, Azerbaijan State Oil and Industry University, 20 Azadlig Ave., Baku, AZ1010, Azerbaijan, [emailprotected] Abstract. Parkinson's disease is a neuro-degenerative movement disorder that causes voice/speech, and behavioral impairments. As a dysfunctional disease, it can be detected by a set of specific symptoms of patients. Such symptoms include both voice/speech and/or physical behavior/movement charac te ris - tics. For better detection both sets of characteristics are used in our research. In this study, as a diagnostic model, we use a system based on multiple-layer (deep) feed-forward neural networks. The networks are trained with Differential Evolution training algorithm using in parallel a pair of data sets (training and validation sets) to avoid overfitting and improve model's generalization ability (performance on untrained data). The applied DE algorithm has allowed avoiding local minima of error function during the training. A third data set is used for testing trained network performance. According to the obtained results, this method demonstrated better results than other existing approaches. Keywords: Parkinson's disease , Artificial Neural Network, Differential Evolution Optimization, Computational Intelligence Introduction Parkinson's disease is a neuro-degenerative movement disorder that causes voice/speech, and behavioral impairments . The disease causes partial or full loss in motor reflexes, speech, behavior, mental processing, and other vital functions [1] . The early detection of disease symptoms is vitally important in order to prevent further disease complications. Using recorded data including voice/speech and physical behavior /movement characteristics from healthy and sick people it is possible to create models, which would allow fast noninvasive diagnostic of the disease. Appropriate models include Support Vector Machines, Rule Based Systems, Artificial Neural Networks and others. Most existing approaches utilize only voice/speech data [2]. In our research to improve detection accuracy, we use also physical behavior/movement characteristics obtained from different subjects. Among all possible methods to create required model, we have chosen multi-layer deep feed-forward neural networks for a number of reasons. First, because they are indeed universal approximators and can be used to reveal any complex relationships in large data sets . Second, because recent developments in the theory and technology have significantly increased efficiency of neural networks. For instance, increased processing power and parallel processing abilities of modern computers allow efficient use of n ew evolutionary training approaches to effectively battle such bottleneck of large multi-layer neural networks as time-consuming parameter adaptation . The global parameter search , which avoids local minima trapping, is now much faster than ever . Third, because, neuron models are not now required to be constrained by smooth differentiable transfer functions, connection weights by simple numerical values, and network arch itecture for large input/output systems by single hidden layer of neurons. Method The used detection model is multi-layer feed-forward neural network with non-linear transfer function based neurons in hidden layers and linear neurons in input and output layers. Given particular values for the neural network parameters, and given values for the inputs, a neural network generates a value for each output: , The operation of an L -layer feed-forward perceptron neural network at each layer l can be described by the following equation: , where is the activation function used at network layer l . In the vector form this can be written more compactly: Or, based on only the network activations as: Matrix will denote weights connecting all neurons of layer with all neurons of layer . Thus for an -layered NN set will contain matrixes . is the weight of connection to neuron at layer from neuron at the previous layer , is the threshold parameter of neuron at layer The total number of connection weights and thresholds (i.e. number of elements in the set W ) for a feed-forward neural network is . The evolutionary algorithm used for training is Differential Evolution [ 5 ] , which is one of the fastest population based algorithms for global search in multi-dimensional v ector space.

Sunday, November 24, 2019

Ben Franklin BiographyCritique essays

Ben Franklin BiographyCritique essays In his many careers as a printer, moralist, essayist, civic leader, scientist, inventor, statesman, diplomat, and philosopher, for later generations of Americans he became both a spokesman and a model for the national character. He was born in Boston, Massachusetts on Jan. 17, 1706, into a religious Puritan household. His father, Josiah, was a candlemaker and a skillful mechanic. His mother, Abiah Bens parents raised thirteen childrenthe survivors of Josiahs seventeen children by two wives (#1). Franklin left school at ten years old when he was pressed into his father's trade. At twelve Ben was apprenticed to his half brother James, a printer of The New England Courant. He generally absorbed the values and philosophy of the English Enlightenment. At the age of 16, Franklin wrote some pieces for the Courant signed "Silence Dogood," in which he parodied the Boston authorities and society (#3). At one point James Franklin was imprisoned for his liberal statements, and Benjamin carried on the paper himself. Having thus learned to resist oppression, Benjamin refused to suffer his brother's own domineering qualities and in 1723 ran away to Philadelphia (#1). Soon Franklin found a job as a printer. After a year he went to England, where he became a master printer, sowed some wild oats, amazed the locals with his swimming feats, and lived among inspiring writers of London. By 1726 Franklin was tiring of London (#1). He considered becoming an itinerant teacher of swimming, but when a Quaker merchant by the name of Thomas Denham offered him a clerkship in his store in Philadelphia, he decided to return home (#5). Returning to Philadelphia in 1726, he soon owned a newspaper, the Pennsylvania Gazette, and began to print Poor Richard's Almanac. In the Pennsylvania Gazette, a citizen asked editor Franklin the following question: "If A found out that his neighbor B was sleeping with his wife, was he justified in telling B's w...

Thursday, November 21, 2019

Ownership Structure and Financial Performance Essay

Ownership Structure and Financial Performance - Essay Example The paper talks about the measurement of the ownership structures with respect to financial performances and finally generates an understanding of US and UK based companies by distinguishing them on the basis of ownership identities and level of concentration. The development in corporate governance practices and regulations pertaining to disclosures of ownership are also discussed. Various measures of financial performance are highlighted and discussed in relation with the research topic. It has been concluded that ownership structure has an impact on financial performances, but with varying interests as there are other internal and external factors that may play a vital role in reducing or increasing productivity. It has been identified in this report that the relationship between ownership structure and financial performance of firms is not observed to have a similar trend in different countries. Corporate governance comprises of control mechanisms through which corporations are governed and directed to perform their duties effectively. The ownership structure needs to be directed by corporate governance because lack of transparency of ownership structure may have an adverse impact on financial performances. In other words, it can be said that ownership structure shows the types and compositions of different shareholders that have an influence on company’s key decisions areas so they need to be administered by corporate governance in order to carry out their processes in ethical and transparent manner. The purpose of this paper is to generate an understanding of the relationship of ownership structure and company’s performance. In this regard, investigation of UK and United companies is carried out in this paper.